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Friday, June 1, 2012

Judges Should Write Their Own Opinions

Judges Should Write Their Own Opinions
The New York Times by William Domnarski - OP-ED Contributor  -  May 31, 2012

Riverside, Calif.  -  There is a crisis in the federal appellate judiciary. No, I’m not referring to the high number of judicial vacancies or overloaded case dockets — though those are real problems. The crisis I have in mind rarely is discussed because it raises too many embarrassing questions. I’m talking about the longstanding and well-established practice of having law clerks ghostwrite judges’ legal opinions. We have become too comfortable with the troubling idea that judging does not require that judges do their own work.  With so much news and controversy about what federal appellate judges say in their opinions, it would be natural for a layperson to assume that such opinions actually come from judges’ own pens (or keyboards). But ever since the beginning of the law-clerk age, which dates back at least 70 years, most judges have been content to cast their vote in a case and then merely outline the shape of their argument — while leaving it to their clerks to do the hard work of shaping the language, researching the relevant precedents and so on. Almost all federal appellate judges today follow this procedure.  There are, of course, understandable reasons for this arrangement. For one thing, it’s efficient: it helps judges manage the ever increasing flow of cases to be decided. It’s also familiar: it resembles the modern law-firm model (known to many judges from earlier stages in their careers) in which associates draft documents and senior partners edit them. Furthermore, the law is not a literary pursuit but a system of rules, principles and arguments: in a legal opinion the fine points of language can seem less important than the underlying logic of the decision.  But in truth, much of importance is lost when judges outsource the writing of their opinions to their less experienced assistants. Judge-written opinions require greater intellectual rigor, exhibit more personal style and lend themselves to more honest and transparent conclusions.

An informal review of federal appellate court opinions over the past five years suggests that of the more than 150 active judges, only a tiny number almost always write their own opinions in full, among them Frank H. Easterbrook, Richard A. Posner and Diane P. Wood, of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, and Michael Boudin, of the First Circuit. A few others evidently write a fair percentage of their opinions from start to finish. Another relatively small group adds stylistic flair like dramatic introductions or figurative language. The former appellate judge Abner J. Mikva has said that when he served on the District of Columbia Circuit, he reserved for himself the opening paragraph of his opinions.  It is no coincidence that Judge Posner, the most influential (and most widely cited) appellate judge of his generation, writes his own opinions. His judicial voice is marked with stylistic touches, to be sure, shunning (and even lampooning) legalese as well as disregarding the traditional five-part structure on which law clerks typically rely. But what most grabs the reader is the voice of a judge thoroughly engaged with a problem in the law and working through it with enthusiasm, almost joy. As Judge Posner himself has written, “I know that only a few of the readers of my opinions are not lawyers, but the exercise of trying to write judicial opinions in a way that makes them accessible to intelligent lay persons contributes to keeping the law in tune with human and social needs and understandings and avoiding the legal professional’s natural tendency to mandarin obscurity and preciosity.”  Unlike lawyers who are paid to argue for just one side in a case, judges are paid to pursue the truth. The bench is free from the limitations of advocacy; judges get to test arguments and follow a line of reasoning wherever it might take them. They get to explore the law. The opinion, properly done, reveals the judge sorting through the problem, thinking on the page. For similar reasons, judge-written opinions are also less vulnerable to a judge’s reflexive political and ideological leanings. The act of writing brings judges closer to the specific details and relevant issues of a case, forcing them to reckon with the case at hand in all its particulars, rather than seeing it as an instance of some more general theory or problem.  There is also the matter of intellectual integrity. Put simply, it cannot be accepted as legitimate that judges can put their names on opinions that they did not write. It’s not quite plagiarism, but it puts me in mind of the product known in the academic world as “managed books”: a professor will use research assistants to not only research a project but also write a first draft — but nonetheless the professor claims the work as his own. The managed books approach has been condemned as an affront to intellectual integrity. There is no principled reason the judicial counterpart should not be similarly condemned. I am reminded of Henry J. Friendly, the great judge of the Second Circuit, who explained that he wrote his own opinions because “they pay me to do that.”  Younger members of the judiciary need to take a hard look at themselves and ask how what they are doing stacks up against the known examples of judging at its highest level — not just Judge Posner and his contemporaries who write, but also gifted writers among judges of earlier eras like Learned Hand and Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. The next generation will need to accept the opportunities and challenges of appellate judging and dare to do all the work that befits a judge.  William Domnarski, a lawyer, is the author of “Federal Judges Revealed.”

15 comments:

Anonymous said...

Amen! Congress needs to have hearings on frauds in our courts.

NY Realist said...

Absolute proof that even Appellate judges decisions are based only upon whims, cronyism, favoritism and/or corruption. The judges had not considered nor had researched the law and precedents themselves before making their decisions, but they rather capriciously and/or arbitrarily and/or corruptly made their decisions and then asked their clerks to manufacture a justification (apology).
Marbury vs Madison needs to be revised for our modern courts, "The Government of the United States has been emphatically changed from a government of laws and become a corrupt government of men. It certainly ceases to deserve high appellation."

Anonymous said...

We don't have enough judges!! It's impossible for them to read everything. That's why the law clerks need to be held more accountable!

Anonymous said...

They don't write their own decisions!?!?!

Kris Sergentakis said...

Even worst in the Second Circuit Head Clerk Catherine Wolf decides cases on her own and writes the opinions.

And the major firms wine and dine her constantly.

She in is charge...deliver the envelopes with cash to her please.

see leukemia scandal dot com for proof

Anonymous said...

The Clerks do that, the Judge are too busy taking payoffs, get real

Kris Sergentakis said...

Everyone in the lower Manhattan feds have their hands (both) out and open. Not just the Judges, Clerks, prosecutors, everyone it's a party.

The FBI refuses to investigate Federal Judges and their pals.

Just like kids for cash. NYC is worst.

Anonymous said...

We have enough JUDGES..too many..they just don't come to work very often..hence the back log.
I saw most work 3-6 hrs a day and 3 being the common number..with Friday off and maybe one other day..6-18 weeks vacation and many other misc days.
So who ever believes that judges are over worked or even stressed..you make me laugh hysterically!

jail4judges said...

judges don't know how to write, but they know how to count!!!

Anonymous said...

You really mean that theydon't write them now.

Anonymous said...

Judge O'donnell makes a decision and when it's objected by the other party he changes his mind. He's made some horrible decisions and has misjudged many people and have robbed children of their right to have a father in their lives. I would love to know what happened to him in life to make him this kind of horrible monster!

Anonymous said...

By the way the previous comment is from a women not a scorned father:) I have seen this man makes very hasty decisions and at the root of it all is the children. Then there's the great law guardian Tom Dueshle. He should be asshamed of himself making the decisions he makes based on what children under ten tell him. Shame on you and our court system for wasting money on you. I don't know how you sleep at night. You're pathetic!

Anonymous said...

are you speaking of Judge O'Donnell in Buffalo, that is because in rural areas our system in run on gossip, whoever gets there first even when factual evidence does exist, the gossips/troublemakers have gone out of their way to cover their butts before you stepped in that courtroom door!

Anonymous said...

are you speaking of Judge O'Donnell in Buffalo, that is because in rural areas our system in run on gossip, whoever gets there first even when factual evidence does exist, the gossips/troublemakers have gone out of their way to cover their butts before you stepped in that courtroom door!

Anonymous said...

Dombrowski v. Bulson

The Judges are once again destoying America. This case will not hold an attorney accountable for being bad, and in doing so giving them free rein to do anything they want with little recourse.
America is being doomed by our attorneys and judges.

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